the passive voice of modal

Corn would have been grown last summer,
It had to have been done by yesterday
Something should have been done many years ago but wasn't
Corn could have been raised instead
They could have been made in the oven

PASSIVE OF MODAL VERBS

HOMEWORK MUST BE DONE FOR FRIDAY
BOYFREND SHOULD BE GOTTEN BY ME
THE DOCTOR SHOULD BE VISITED BY HER
PALENQUE MUST BE VISITED BY US
THE CLOTHING HAVE TO BE WASHED BY HER

Phrasal Verbs

Teresa got around the required math classes by doing well on a math proficiency test.

She doesn't have a car. She gets around by bicycle, bus, or taxi.

I don't know where Carole was going. She just got in her car and drove away.

Do you know what time Fred's plane gets in?

What time do your classes get over?

You'll have to get up much earlier than usual tomorrow.

VERB-ING AND TO

DRINKING A LOT OF ALCOHOL IS NO GOOD FOR HEALTH
POINTING AT PEOPLE IS CONSIDERED INAPPROPIATE
TALKING TO SOMEONE WITH YOUR MAUNTH FULL IS CONSIDERED BAD MANNER
AETING FOOD WITH YOUR OPEN MAUTH IS COSIDERED INAPPROPIATE
IT'S BAD MANNER TO DRINK WATER AFTER LUNCH
IT'S CONSIDERED INAPPROPIATE TO POINT AT PEOPLE

PASSIVE VOICE

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC IS VISITED BY A LOT OF PEOPLE OVER THE WORLD
MY CELL PHONE WAS MADE BY ALCATEL
THE HOMEWORK ARE DONE BY THEM
THE FOOD IS COOKED BY HER
TREE ARE CUT DAWN TO BUILD A PARKING PLACE BY THEM
THE NAIL IS POLISHED EVERY DAY
I BELIEVE IN YOU IS SUNG BY CELIN DION AND IL DIVO
THIS CELL PHONE WAS GIVEN TO ME

NEGATIVE QUESTION

ISN'T THIS DRESS PERFECT?
DON'T YOU THINK IS ATILANO GOOD TEACHER?
DON'T YOU JUST LIKE IT?
ISN'T SHE A GOOD FRIEND?
DON'T YOU THINK IS A GOOD PERSON?

comparasons with (not) as.....as

Diosmery skirt isn't as short as lis skirt.
The city isn'as clean as country
The city isn't as expensive as city
Have a degre at UASD isn't as aesy as O Y M
UASD isn't as smort as UTESA
Haiti isn't as beautiful as domininican republic

Phrasal verbs.







A phrasal verb is a preposition plus a verb or an adverb which gives a meaning diferent from the original verb. Example:

• Back up: move backward / move in reverse.

• Get along (with): have a friendly relationship (with) / be friendly (toward).

• Get around: avoid having to do something.

• Blow up: inflate.

• Get by: survive, financially, in a difficult situation.

• Get in: arrive.

• Add up: locally fit together.

• Break in : enter by using force.

• Add up to: to total.

• Burn up: become destroyed / consumed by fire.

• Call off: cancel a meeting.

• Catch on: develop understanding or knowledge of something.

• Catch up: stop being behind.

• Ask out: ask for a date.

• Pass away: die.

• Pick up: lift / take up.

SENTENCES

I hate Mary. I hate her too. Me too. So do I.
I don't like Mary. I don't like her either. Me neither. Neither do I.
I hope she won't complain. I hope so too. Me too. So do I.
I hope she won't complain. I hope her father won't complain either.
I don't think she will complain. I don't think so either. Me neither.
I am really tired today. – So am I.
She is very intelligent. – So is he.
We were at school yesterday. – So were we.
I was suprised. – So was he.
I am not positive about it. – Neither am I.
We weren´t happy. – Neither were they.
I like chocolate. – So do I.
We commute to school. – So does he.
He spent his holiday in Italy. – So did we.
I don´t spend much money. – Neither do I.
She didn´t come by bus. – Neither did he.
I can swim. – So can I.
He can´t drive a car. – Neither can I.

get expression

get about = ir de aca para allà
get at= dar a entender
get back =volver, recuperar
get to= llegar a
get out= salir,apearse
get on= progresar
get over= saltar por encima, reecobrar
get up= levantarse
get along= hacer progreso
get away= escaparse
get down= decender
get in,into= entrar, meterse
get off= apearse, bajarse
get though= abrirse camino

cautive GET and HAVE .

HAVE

have+person+verb

this construction means' to give someone the responsibility to do something.

EXAMPLES;

1) Dr.mesa had her nurse take the patient's temperature.

2) Please have your secretary fax me the information.

3) I had the mechanic check the brakes.


GET

get+person+to+verb


this construction usually means' to convice to do something' or to trick into doing something.

EXAMPLES;

1) Susie got her son to take the medicine even though it tasted terrible.

2) How can parents get their children to read more?

3) The government tv commercials are trying to get people to stop smoking.

UNIT,6 SO,NEITHER AND EITHER.

• MY MOTHER HAS BEEN A PILOT FOR TEN YEARS.2 I'M GOING TO THE HAIRDRESSER'S.3 I WANT TO BECOME A PLUMBER WHEN I GROW UP.4.HE BOUGHT A BOTLE OPENER .5. MARY LIVE ABROAD.6 THEY DIDN'T GET LOST.7 THEY DIDN'T SET LOST ,AND NEITHER DID I.8 EITHER EVE OR ANN IS PULLING MY LEG.8. NEITHER EVE NOR ANN IS TALKING SWIMING LESSONS.9.EITHER ,MY NEPHEW OR MY NEIGHBOURS HAVE MADE UP THE PEOPLE NEXT DOOR ARE HONEST.

UNIT6 GET PASSIVE.

• GET PASSIVE ARE MOSTTLY USE D IN INFORMED ENGLISH. ARANGE OF SUBTLE MEANING ARE EXPRESED.2IGOT TOLD TO SEND THE CHEK TO A NIGERIAN BANK ACCOUNT .2 I GOT THE WEELS ROTATED 3 I GOT LOST ENDEND 4 I GOT LOST.5 HE GOT DRESED.5 IGOT CAUGHT SPEEDING 6 I GOT HUT BY A BRUCK.

SENTENCES WITH PASSIVE VS GET.UNIT 6

• BE PASSIVE THE EMPHASIS IS ON EVENT O PROCESS WITH AGENT OPTIONALLY. 1 I WAS TOLD TO SEND THE CHECK TO A NIGERIAN BANK ACCOUNT. 2 THE WHEELES WERE ROTATED BY THE MECHANIC. 3 I WSA REAR ENDED BY A DRIVER USING A CELL PHONE. 4 I WAS DRESED BY HIS MOTHER 5. I WAS LOST BY MYSELF .5 HE WAS DRESSED BY HIS MOTHER.

SENTENCES WITH PHRASAL VERB

IF YOU WANT TO STAY AT THIS SCHOOL YOU MUST ABIDE BY THE RULES.2 I HOPE YOU CAN ACCOUNT FOR THE MONEY YOU SPENT.3HER STORY PEST DOESN'T EDD UP .4 THE DOCTER ADVISED HIM AGAINST CARRIRYING HEAVY LOADS.5 I AGREE WITH YOU I THINK SHE DESERVES THE AWARD TOO THE POLICEMAN AIMED HIS GUN AT THE HIJACKER.

UNIT.7, EXPRESSIONS LIKE UH, OH,OUCH, AND OOPS WHEN THING GO WRONG.

• CONVERSATION WITH MY FRIENDS. THINK, UH AND UNH SOUND ALIKE THEN YOU'LL BE SAYING OOPS. 20 DELINA. HELLO JOHANNY, THIS WEEK ON WORDMASTSTER, WE TALK WITH ENGLISH TEACHER ABOUT SOME EXPRESSIONS IN SPOKEN AMERICAN ENGLIH THAT YOU MIGHT NOT FIND IN A DICTIONARY. 21LLELLA, BUT IF YOU ARE A GOOD LITENER , YOU'LL HEAR THEM. THEY GIVE PEOPLE TINCE TO THINK WHILE HELPING CONNECT ONE THOUGHT TO THE NEXT. 23 JOHANNY, ONE OF THE USEFUL LINKS , I THINK IN THE EXPRESSIONS LET'S SEE, WHICH MEANS LET ME THINK, OFTEN MY STUDENT S WILL USE A KIND OF WORD LIKE THAT FROM THEIR OWN LANGUAGUE . AND SO THEY SPEAKING JAPANESE OR SPANISH LINKING WORD. 24DELINA. LET'SEE ALSO HAS A MEANING IN ILSEIF, THOUGH TOO. 24 LLELLA, ¿WHAT ABOUT NO. 25. JOHANNY UNH UNH AND MY STUDENT OFTEN HAVE A PROBLEM DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN UH HUH AND UNH UNH. 25 DELINA, GIVE US AN EXAMPLE OF HOW TO USE THEM CORRECTTY.26JOHANNY. ¿DO YOU WANT GO TO THE MOVIE. UH HUH, DO YOU THINK THAT THE MOVIE WILL START OFTER NINE . UNH UNH 26.LLELLA, UH OH.

make de sentences with word GET AND HAVE.

1. W E'LL HAVE SURVEY OF THE LUNG CANCER RATE AMONG SMOKERS MADE.2 ADVERTISING GETS PEOPLE TO USE PRODUCTS THEY DO NOT ACTUALLY NEED.3THIS TEACHER FINDS IT HARD TO MAKE HIS PUPILS SPEAK ENGLISH.4. THIS PUPIL HAD HIS ESSAY WRITTEN BY HIS ELDER SISTER.5.THEY GOT HAD THIER OLD CAR REPAIRED BECAUSE THEY DIDN'T WANT TO BUY A NEW ONE

UNIT,7 CAUSATIVE GRT AND HAVE, WRITE SENTENSES ABOUT GET AND HAVE.

1. WE MUST HAVE THE KNIVES SHARPENED.2WE MUST GET THE KNIVES SHARPENED.3. THE GET HAVE THE KNIVES SHARPENEDEVERY YEAR.4 WE HAVE TO GET THIS WOOD CHOOPED.5.¿ HAVE HIM TAKE ANOTHER PHOTOGRAPH,I WILL HAVE HIM TAKE ANOTHER PHOTO.6.I'M GOING TO HAVE SOMEONE .7. GET SOMEONE YO ADD AN EXTRA ROOM.8.YOU MUST HAVE YOUR CAR SERVICED. 9.HE HAVE HIS THOUSERS LENGTHENED BY THE TAILOR,10.HAVE SOMEONE TO BRING IT TO YOU ON A TRAY.11.GET SOMEONE TO BRING IT TO YOU ON A TRAY. I WILL SOMEONE.12WI'LL HAVE A SURVEY MADE OF THE LUNG CANCER RATE AMONG SMOKERS.13,THIS PUPIL HAD HIS ESSAY WRITTEN BY ELDER SISTER. 14 THE MADE THEIR OLD CAR REPAIRED BECAUSE THEY DIDN'T WANT TO BUY A NEW ONE.15

UNIT4,SOCIALIZING, TALK ABOUTYOU ARE SUPPOSSED TO DO, USE WAS WERE AND WAS WERE GOING TO.

WERE GOING TO THE CLUB. TOGETHER.2.I WAS DRINKING TOGETHER TO ONE FRIENDS.3.I THING TO DO PLAY BASKETBALLWITH FRIENDS,4.WERE SUPPOSED TO WAS TALKING TO FRIENDS AND MY MOTHER,5.THINKING GOING OUT AND SOCIALIZING WHIT MY FAMILY,6.I GOING TO DIFERENT WAYS SUCH AS TO STAR TO SEE TO DIFERENT MOVIE,7.I SUPPOSED TO GET MONEY BUT I HAVE THING ABOUT IF I GET.8.THEY WERE SUPPOSED TO BE COME AT TWELVE,12.00.9.I WASN'T SUPPOSED TO BY MYSELF 10.I WAS SUPPOSED GOING TO GO TO THE PARTY WITH MY FRIENDS . 13. I WASN'T GOING TO GO TO THE UNIVERSITY TO DAY,14. I'M SUPPOSED TO BE STUDYING FOR AN EXAM TO MORROW,15. I'M NOT SUPPOSED TO STAY OUT LATE BUT MAYBE I WILL,16. IT'S SUPPOSED TO BE TO EAT CAKE WITH MY BETTER FRIEND,17. I'M NOT SUPPOSED TO STAY AT HOME ,18.IT'S SUPPOSED TO BE A PARTY IN MY HAUSE .18.HE'S NOT SUPPOSED TO EAT CAKE AND JUICE,18. WE WERE GOING SUPPOSED TO GO THERE LAST FRIDAY, BUT I HAD TO WORK LATE,19. THE WEATHER WAS SUPPOSED TO BE RAIN THIS WEEKED 20. WERE GOING SUPPOSED SEE A MOVIE BUT SHE GOT SICK AND COULDN'T MAKE IT,21.I WAS SUPPOSED NOT DO ANYTHING BECAUSE I HAD STUDY. ,

Unit:5 Get Passive Vs Be Passive

The get-passive
The verb get is sometimes used as an auxiliary in place of be in passive sentences. The verb string for a sentence like:
My bicycle got stolen is past + get + en + steal



Compare
My bicycle was stolen with past + be + en + steal



The get-passive is normally fairly informal and more likely to occur in casual conversation and informal sorts of writing than in formal writing. It is often used in agentless passives.

Like be, get also functions as a linking verb. You can distinguish sentences with get as linking verb from sentences with get-passives by considering the verb string.



Note that this sentence has an active counterpart:

The long hike tired Sam out.

Compare with get as linking verb:



Note that this sentence can also be paraphrased by another sentence with a linking verb:

Sam became tired.The get-passive
The verb get is sometimes used as an auxiliary in place of be in passive sentences. The verb string for a sentence like:
My bicycle got stolen is past + get + en + steal



Compare
My bicycle was stolen with past + be + en + steal



The get-passive is normally fairly informal and more likely to occur in casual conversation and informal sorts of writing than in formal writing. It is often used in agentless passives.

Like be, get also functions as a linking verb. You can distinguish sentences with get as linking verb from sentences with get-passives by considering the verb string.



Note that this sentence has an active counterpart:

The long hike tired Sam out.

Compare with get as linking verb:



Note that this sentence can also be paraphrased by another sentence with a linking verb:

Sam became tired.

Unit:5 The Passive of modal verbs

1. of, relating to, or characteristic of mode or manner
2. grammar (of a verb form or auxiliary verb) expressing a distinction of mood, such as that between possibility and actuality. The modal auxiliaries in English include can, could, may, must, need, ought, shall, should, will, and would.

Present Formula: Modal+be+past participle

Example:
Revision for spelling can be done on a computer.

Problem with reservation should be reported to the restaurant manager.

Remember:
Must: means "have to" in 10%of its uses. In this meaning, it is often used in expressions like: I must admit and I must say.

90% of the uses of "Must" are for speculation:

Things must be hard for couples who marry young.

Unit: 4 Inseparable Phralsal verbs

With these verbs,the object always comes after the participle or preposition.

back out of:
desert; fail to keep a promise
bear down on:
lean on;
browbeat
bear on:
have to do with
bear up under:
endure
break in on:
interrupt
break into:
interrupt
call for:
come to get; require
care for:
like; guard; supervise; maintain
carry on with:
continue
catch up with:
cover the distance between oneself and
check up on:
examine; verify
come across:
find accidentally
come along with:
accompany; make progress
come by:
find accidentally
come down with:
become ill with
come out with:
utter; produce
come up with:
utter; produce
count on:
rely on
cut in on:
interrupt
disagree with:
cause illness or discomfort to
do away with:
abolish
do without:
deprive oneself of
drop in at/on:
visit casually without planning
drop out of:
leave; quit
face up to:
acknowledge fall behind in
lag; not progress at required pace
fall back on:
use for emergency purpose
fall out with:
quarrel with
fill in for:
substitute for
get ahead of:
surpass; beat
get around:
evade; avoid
get away with:
do without being caught or punished
get by with:
manage with a minimum of effort
get down to:
become serious about; consider
get in:
enter (a vehicle)
get off:
descend from; leave
get on:
enter (a vehicle); mount
get on with:
proceed with
get through with:
terminate, finish
go back on:
desert; fail to keep (a promise)
go for:
like a great deal
go in for:
be interested in; participate in
go on with:
continue
go over:
review
go with:
harmonize with; look pleasing together
go without:
abstain from
hang around:
remain idly in the vicinity of
hear from:
receive a communication from
hear of:
learn about (sometimes accidentally)
hit on:
discover accidentally
hold on to:
grasp tightly
hold out against:
resist
keep at:
persevere at
keep to:
persist in; continue
keep up with:
maintain the pace of
lie down on:
evade; fail to do
live on:
support or sustain oneself by means of
live up to:
maintain the standard demanded of
look after:
take care of
look back on:
remember nostalgically
look down on:
feel superior to
look forward to:
anticipate
look up to:
respect; admire
make up for:
compensate for
pass on:
transmit
pick on:
tease; bully
play up to:
flatter for personal advantage
put up with:
tolerate
read up on:
search out information on
run against:
compete against in an election
run away with:
leave; escape from
run for:
campaign for
see about:
consider; arrange
see to:
arrange; supervise
settle on:
decide on; choose
stand for:
represent; permit
stand up for:
support; demand
stand up to:
resist
stick to:
persist
stick up for:
support; defend
take after:
resemble
talk back to:
answer impolitely
talk over:
discuss
tell on:
report misbehavior to authority
touch on:
mention briefly
turn into:
become
wait on:
serve
wait up for:
not go to bed while waiting for
watch out for:
be careful for

Unit: 8 Behavior

Past modals would have should have could have:

• Fred made a lot of noise when he came home. You must have heard him.
• The news was awful. You should have said something about it.
• That was a terrible accident! The driver must have hurt himself.
• Pam had a toothache. She should have visited the dentist.
• There was a flying saucer in the sky last night. You must have seen it.
• You should have seen Jen in her wedding dress.
• Sarah failed the exam. She must not have studied enough.
• Should mom have woken you up at 7:00?

Unit: 7 Problem solving

Causative get and have:

Get+ person+ to + verb

• I get my sister to do my hair.
• Susie got her son to take the medicine even though it tasted terrible.
• How can parents get their children to read more?
• The government TV commercials are trying to get people to stop smoking.
• We´ll get my aunt to choose the ingredients for the cake.
  
• I got the mechanic to fix my car.

Have + person + verb:

I had my sister do my exercises.
They had their mothers pick them at school.
I had a hairdresser cut it again.

Get/ have+ object + past participle:

• I get my computer repaired at the pc store.
• We´re having a new refrigerator bought now.
• I have cut my hair.
• I have voiced my objection.

I ask to GOD for her health:

She is my cousin Karolay, and she is so beautiful , althoug being at the hospital !!!

Me whith my cousin at the hospital!!!!






She is Karolay.

At the English Class.....After having been at the hospital with my cousin...

Verbs Complements: Verb + -ing or to + veb.


verb +-ing:

• I ended up having some fiends.

• He started giving the news.

• Mary spent 4 hours doing the homework.

• My father started working there.

to + verb:

• I should like to go.

• He could begin to sing.

• I love to listen to music.

• I want to be there today.

Unit 1

UNIT 1

Simple and continuous verbs.

Simple verbs: for completed actions or permanent situations.

Questions and answers:

-Have you ever been here , in Dominican Republic?

-No i ´ve never been anywhere else.

-Has your sister cooked today?
-No she hasn´t cooked anywhere.

-What did you do on last weekend?

-I went to my mother´s house.

Where have you been when i was there?

-I have been at the hospital.

Has she did her homework?

-No she hasn´t did it.

Continuous verbs: for ongoing or temporary situations.

Questions and answers:

-When are you arriving to my house?

-i ´m arriving about 5:00 pm.

-What areyou cooking to currently?

-I'm cooking cooking rice.

-How long have you been standing by me?

-I have been standing 2 hours.

Where were you living on last year?

-We were livin in New York.

-What were you doing at home?

-I was standing to my mother.

(be) supposed to

Idiomatic and passive, "be supposed to" shows expectation.

Someone expects you to do something in the present or the future:

Singular	Plural
I'm supposed to go	We're supposed to go
You're supposed to go	You're supposed to go
He's supposed to go
She's supposed to go	They're supposed to go
It's supposed to go

Someone expected you to do something in the past:

Singular	Plural
I was supposed to go	We were supposed to go
You were supposed to go	You were supposed to go
He was supposed to go
She was supposed to go	They were supposed to go
It was supposed to go

"(be) supposed to" can only be used with the present and past tense forms of the verb "be." The verb "be" indicates the tense. examples: Only bicyclists are supposed to use this bike path. He was supposed to be at a business meeting at 2:00. It's now 2:15 and he's calling to say that he'll be late. My son is supposed to keep this bird feeder full of food. While watching a movie in a movie theather, movie goers are supposed to keep quiet. A doctor will tell you that you're supposed to exercise if you want to stay healthy.

Unit: 3 Verb plus ING and TO plus verb.

   GERUNDS: verb plus "-ing", usually used as

            a subject.

            

            Jogging is one way to lose weight.

            (subject)(verb) (infinitive)

            (gerund)

When the prepositions in, at, with, of, for, about and so on are used before a verb, the verb must use -ing.
Let's take a look at some other example sentences using prepositions + -ing:

I'm scared of swimming in the sea.
Thanks for giving me a ride.
My brothers good at playing tennis.
How about taking the bus?
I'm not interested in reading books.

To plus verb after It is...

It is a good idea to write something.

It is rude to cut in line.

Unit 3 The Simple Present Passive

Use the passive when the "doer" of the action is not known or not important. But if the "doer" of the action is important,you can introduce it with by.

Examples with to drive: The most common passive verbs are Made,Done,and called.

Passive:
It is made with milk and bananas.
It is celebrated with her friends.
It is not eaten hot ice cream.
It is done by teams of the city.
It is not called fast.

Passive (Simple Forms)
Simple Present I am driven
Simple Past I was driven
Present Perfect I have been driven
Past Perfect I had been driven
will-future I will be driven
Future Perfect I will have been driven
Conditional I I would be driven
Conditional II I would have been driven

:

So am I / Neither am I

So do I / Neither do I

So can I / Neither can

"So am I" / "So do I" / "So can I" / "So have I

"Neither am I" / "Neither do I" / "

Neither can I" / "Neither have I"

"I am not either, I do not either

I can not either" / "I have not either"

I can play tennis So can I

I haven't been to Paris Neither have I

I study French So do I

I was in Germany last November So was I

I won't play football this Sunday Neither will I

I worked in a bank last summer So did I

I am going to the cinema So is sh

I finish my studies this year So do we

causitive verbs

Causative Verb

.

Causative verbs express the idea of someone causing something to take place. Causative verbs can be similar in meaning to passive verbs.

Examples:

My hair was cut. (passive)
I had my hair cut. (causative)

Both 'make' and 'have' can be used as causative verbs.

Make

'Make' as a causative verb expresses the idea that the person requires another person to do something.

Construction Chart

Subject + Make + Person + Base Form of Verb

Examples:

Peter made her do her homework.
The teacher made the students stay after class.

Have

'Have' as a causative verb expresses the idea that the person wants something to be done for them. This causative verb is often used when speaking about various services. There are two forms of the causative verb 'have'.

Construction Chart: Use 1

Subject + Have + Person + Base Form of Verb

Examples:

They had John arrive early.
She had her children cook dinner for her.

Construction Chart: Use 2 Subject + Have + Object + Past Participle

Examples:

I had my hair cut last Saturday.
She had the car washed at the weekend
.

Some Sentences With get and have

I get my little brother to clean my bedroom

I never get someone to make my homework

I always get the mechanic to repair my car

I get my hair Cut by my father

I'm Thirsty and i get my friend to buy me a bottle of water

I have my sister cook for me

Someone stole my car, and i have the police arrest the culprit

Past modals

I must have lost my keys.

He could have come to the party

We could have studied more this level

I knew I should read your book, but I didn't do it.

UNIT 6, COINCIDENCES THAT HAD HAPPENED IN MY LIFE.

Last weekend I was thinking about an old friend of mine, that I had not seen in months so on that day was his birthday, I decided to called him, but in a few minutes before he had called to invited me to his birthday party. wao! I could not believe it !


-One day I was in a conference with my father and I was very boring over there, I decided to get around for a little moment, and I went to get an ice cream and to see the environment, in a moment somebody nock my back and when I turnned my face I saw some friends colleges that were with me in my first semester in the same class. It was a surprises for me !

UNIT 6, SENTENCES WITH THE PAST PERFECT.

-I bought a good book in La feria del libro that I had not seen in any library.
-Had you been in concert any times. It is really funny.
-I had not visited a beautiful places like this. It is fantastic.
-Paola had written a post card for you. She had putted it on the table.

SENTENCES WITH SO AND NEITHER.

-I am study really hard for the test and so are you.
-My sister is pretty and so am I.
-Katty did not see the movie and neither did I.
-I enjoy eating fried chicken in kentucky and so does she.
-My father does not like to drink tea and neither do I.
-We can go and so can they.
-They are my patner and so are you.

AND SO, TOO, EITHER , NEITHER

• To express agreement in English (me too / me \
• 
  
• neither) withpositive statements we
• 
  
• use (too / so) and use the negative (= noteither / Neither)

Affirmative

• 
  
• My wife is a lawyer, and so am I. / I am too. Mi esposa es abogada y yo también.
• She was here yesterday, and so was he. / he was too. Ella estuvo aquí ayer y él también.
• I can swim, and so can my brother. / my brother can too. Puedo nadar y mi hermano también.
• I should study more, and so should you. / you should too. Yo debería estudiar más y tú también.
• They will go to the movies, and so will I. / I will too. Ellos irán al cine y yo también.
• Susan studies German, and so does Mary. / Mary does too. Susan estudia alemán y Mary también.
• John cleaned the house, and so did his wife. / his wife did too. John limpió la casa y su esposa también.
• They have gone out, and so has their son. / their son has too. Ellos han salido y su hijo también.

NEGATIVE

• I am not tired, and neither are my friends. / my friends are not either. No estoy cansado y mis amigos tampoco.
• I can't play chess, and neither can you. / you can't either. No sé jugar al ajedrez y tú tampoco.
• They won't attend the concert, and neither will I. / I won't either. No irán al recital y yo tampoco.
• I don't like novels, and neither does my girlfriend. / my girlfriend doesn't either. No me gustan las novelas y a mi novia tampoco.
• Jack didn't bring anything, and neither did his sister. / his sister didn't either. Jack no trajo nada y su hermana tampoco.
• She has not seen that film yet, and neither has her boyfriend. / her boyfriend hasn't either. Ella no ha visto la película aún y su novio tampoco.
• They don't have money, and neither do we. / we don't either. No tienen dinero y nosotros tampoco.
• Bill hadn't been there, and neither had his family. / his family hadn't either. Bill no había estado allí y su familia tampoco.

THE PASSIVE OF MODAL VERBS

Modals verbs are a class of auxiliary verbs. Modal verbs are also called modal auxiliaries or simply manners. There are tenEnglish modal verbs:

can		could
may		might
shall		should
will		would
must		ought to

In English, the main verb is always in infinitive without to, except the modal ough.

1. In a statement, the word order is subject + modal + main verb.

sujeto	modal	verbo principal
They Ellos	can pueden	come. venir.
Mike Mike	should debe	walk. caminar.

1. In questions, word order is subject + modal + main verbs

modal	sujeto	verbo principal
Can ¿Pueden	they	come? venir?
Should ¿Debería	Mike Mike	drive? manejar?

informative questions (wh-questions)

When ¿Cuándo	can pueden	they	come? venir?
How ¿Cómo	could podría	he	know? saber?