The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.
I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to New Jersey.
I did not have any document because I had lost my purse.
Liliana knew Perth Amboy so well because she had visited the city several times.
Had Pmela ever studied english before she moved to Los Angeles ?
She only understood the movie because she had read the book.
Kristine had never been to an opera before last night.
We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance.
A: Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006?
: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before.
If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when "before" or "after" is used in the sentence. The words "before" and "after" actually tell you what happens first, so the Past Perfect is optional. For this reason, both sentences below are correct.
Examples:
She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996
She visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.
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